How To Choose a Well Pump?

If you’re in the market for a well pump, you’re likely navigating through a sea of options.

Choosing the right well pump is crucial for ensuring a reliable water supply for your home.

In this guide on how to choose a well pump, we’ll break down the key factors to consider, from understanding how well pumps work to selecting the appropriate type and size for your well.

How Does a Well Pump Work?

Understanding the basic mechanics of a well pump is crucial for making an informed decision. Well pumps operate on the principle of creating a pressure difference to lift water from the ground to the surface.

There are two main types of well pumps: jet pumps and submersible pumps.

Jet pumps work by using suction to draw water from the well. A motorized impeller generates a flow of water through a narrow pipe (jet) that creates a low-pressure area. This low pressure allows atmospheric pressure to force water up the well and into the plumbing system.

Jet pumps are commonly used for shallow wells where the water table is relatively close to the surface.

Submersible pumps, on the other hand, are submerged directly into the well. These pumps push water to the surface rather than pulling it. A sealed motor is connected to the pump, and the entire unit is lowered into the well.

Submersible pumps are generally more efficient and quieter than jet pumps, making them suitable for deeper wells where the water level is significantly below the ground surface.

Types of Water Well Pumps – Jet Pumps vs. Submersible Pumps

Choosing between jet pumps and submersible pumps depends on the depth of your well and your specific water requirements.

Do I Have a Shallow or Deep Well?

Determining the depth of your well is the first step in selecting the right pump. Shallow wells are typically less than 25 feet deep, while deep wells can exceed 100 feet. Knowing your well depth is crucial for choosing the appropriate pump type.

Single Drop Jet-Pump System for Shallow Wells

How It Works:

In the case of a single drop jet-pump system, the pump is situated above ground. A single pipe extends into the well, drawing water up using the venturi effect. This effect occurs when water is forced through a narrow constriction, creating a vacuum that pulls additional water from the well.

Suitable for:

Single drop jet-pump systems are ideal for shallow wells where the water table is relatively close to the surface. These pumps are cost-effective and easy to install, making them a popular choice for residential applications.

Pros and Cons:

Pros:

• Simple installation.
• Cost-effective for shallow wells.
• Easy to maintain.

Cons:

• Less efficient for deep wells.
• May require priming if air enters the system.

Maintenance Tips:

Regularly check for air leaks, as they can affect the efficiency for shallow well jet pump. Ensure the pumps primed to prevent air from entering the system, and schedule routine inspections to address any wear or damage promptly.

Understanding the nuances of different well pump systems empowers homeowners to make informed decisions, ensuring a reliable and efficient water supply tailored to their specific well conditions.

Double Drop Jet-Pump System for Deep Wells

How It Works:

In deep wells, a single drop jet pump system may not provide sufficient lifting power. Enter the double drop jet pump system (deep well jet pump). This setup involves two pipes: one for drawing water and another for recirculating it.

The pump, situated above ground, uses the first pipe to create a vacuum, lifting water from the well. The recirculation pipe then redirects a portion of the pumped water back down the well to enhance the lifting power, making it suitable for greater depths.

Suitable for:

Double drop jet-pump systems are designed for deep wells where the water level is significantly below the ground surface.

These systems are more powerful than their single drop counterparts, making them effective in extracting water from greater depths.

Pros and Cons:

Pros:

• Increased lifting power for deep wells.
• Suitable for wells with water levels below the ground surface.
• Versatile for a range of well depths.

Cons:

• More complex installation compared to single drop systems.
• Requires careful balancing of the two pipes for optimal performance.

Maintenance Tips:

Regularly check the pipes and fittings for any signs of leaks, as this can affect the efficiency of the system. Ensure that the recirculation pipe is properly balanced to maintain optimal pumping performance.

Submersible Pump System for Deep Wells

How It Works:

Submersible pumps are designed to be fully submerged in the well, making them an efficient option for deep wells. The pump is typically located at the bottom of the well, and a sealed motor is connected to it.

As the pump operates, it pushes water up to the surface through a single pipe.

Suitable for:

Submersible pump systems are ideal for deep wells where the water level is significantly below the ground surface.

They are more efficient and quieter than jet pumps, making them a popular choice for residential and agricultural applications.

Pros and Cons:

Pros:

• Efficient for deep wells.
• Quiet operation.
• Longer lifespan compared to jet pumps.

Cons:

• Higher initial cost compared to jet pumps.
• Professional installation is usually required.

Maintenance Tips:

Regularly inspect the pump and motor for any signs of wear or damage.

Ensure that the electrical connections are secure and that the pump is properly lubricated. Submersible pumps generally require less maintenance compared to jet pumps.

What Size Well Pump Do I Need?

Choosing the right size well pump is crucial for ensuring a reliable water supply. The size of the pump depends on factors such as the depth of the well, the water table, and the household’s water demand.

Factors to Consider:

Well Depth: Deeper wells require more powerful pumps to lift water to the surface.

Water Demand: Consider the number of fixtures in your home, such as faucets, showers, and appliances, that may be drawing water simultaneously.

Recovery Rate: This refers to the speed at which the well can replenish water. A well with a slower recovery rate may require a larger pump.

Manufacturer Guidelines: Follow the guidelines provided by the pump manufacturer for sizing recommendations.

Consult with a Professional: While there are general guidelines for pump sizing, it’s highly recommended to consult with a professional well pump installer.

They can conduct a thorough assessment of your well and water usage patterns to recommend the most suitable pump size for your specific needs.

Other Well Pumps to Consider

When it comes to well pumps, the options extend beyond traditional jet and submersible pumps.

Depending on your specific needs and circumstances, alternative pump systems may offer unique advantages. Here are some other well pumps to consider:

Solar-powered well pumps

How They Work:

Solar-powered well pumps utilize energy from the sun to power a water pump. Photovoltaic panels convert sunlight into electricity, which is then used to drive the pump. These pumps are particularly advantageous in off-grid or remote locations where traditional power sources may be unavailable or expensive to install.

Suitable for:

• Remote locations with abundant sunlight.
• Off-grid properties.
• Sustainable and eco-friendly water supply solutions.

Pros and Cons:

Pros:

• Renewable energy source.
• Low operating costs once installed.
• Minimal environmental impact.

Cons:

• Higher initial installation costs.
• Dependence on sunlight availability.

Manual pumps

How They Work:

Manual pumps, often known as hand pumps, are operated by human power. These pumps require physical effort to lift water from the well to the surface. While they may seem traditional, manual pumps are valuable in emergency situations or areas with limited access to power.

Suitable for:

• Emergency water supply.
• Areas with minimal power infrastructure.
• Backup option for power outages.

Pros and Cons:

Pros:

• No dependence on electricity.
• Relatively simple and durable.
• Cost-effective.

Cons:

• Requires physical effort.
• Limited water output compared to motorized pumps.

Kinetic water ram water pumps

How They Work:

Kinetic water Ram pumps use the energy of flowing water to pump a smaller amount of water to a higher elevation. They harness the kinetic energy of moving water to create a pressure wave that lifts a portion of the water to a higher point.

Suitable for:

• Locations with flowing water sources.
• Water pumping to higher elevations.

Pros and Cons:

Pros:

• No external power source required.
• Simple design with few moving parts.
• Suitable for continuous operation.

Cons:

• Limited lift height.
• Dependent on consistent water flow.

Air-driven (pneumatic) well pumps

How They Work:

Air-driven or pneumatic well pumps use compressed air to move water. These pumps are suitable for areas with limited electrical power, and the energy to move water comes from compressed air instead of electricity.

Suitable for:

• Locations with limited electricity.
• Off-grid or remote areas.

Pros and Cons:

Pros:

• Can operate in areas with limited electrical power.
• Minimal environmental impact.

Cons:

• Requires a compressed air source.
• Potential for air leakage.

Sump pumps

How They Work:

Sump pumps are commonly used to prevent basement flooding by removing excess water from a sump basin. While not typically used as the primary well pump, they are worth considering for properties with potential water accumulation issues.

Suitable for:

• Basements or areas prone to flooding.
• Preventing water damage.

Pros and Cons:

Pros:

• Effectively removes excess water.
• Helps prevent water damage.

Cons:

• Not designed for continuous water extraction.
• May not be suitable as the primary well pump.

Key Components to Consider

Ensuring the efficiency and longevity of your well pump system involves understanding and carefully selecting key components. Here’s an in-depth look at some crucial elements:

Check Valve

Function:

A check valve is a one-way valve installed in the water line. It allows water to flow in one direction, preventing backflow into the well. This component is essential for maintaining water pressure and preventing the pump from working unnecessarily.

Importance:

Without a check valve, water could flow back down the well, causing the pump to lose prime. This can lead to increased wear and tear on the pump and decreased overall efficiency.

Foot Valve

Function:

The foot valve is a type of check valve located at the lower end of the suction pipe in the well. It allows water to enter the system while preventing it from flowing back down the well when the pump is not in operation.

Importance:

The foot valve helps maintain the prime in the system. It prevents the pump from losing its prime and minimizes the risk of air entering the system, which could hinder the pump’s ability to draw water.

Pressure Switch

Function:

The pressure switch monitors water pressure in the system. It is responsible for signaling the pump to turn on when pressure drops below a certain level and to turn off when the desired pressure is reached.

Importance:

The pressure switch plays a crucial role in the pump’s automatic operation. It ensures that the pump activates only when there is a demand for water, preventing unnecessary cycling and extending the life of the pump.

Pressure Tank

Function:

The pressure tank acts as a reservoir for pressurized water. It allows the pump to fill the tank and store water under pressure, providing immediate access to water without the pump cycling every time water is needed.

Importance:

The pressure tank helps regulate water pressure in the system, reducing the frequency of pump starts and stops. This not only enhances pump longevity but also ensures consistent water pressure for household use.

Pressure-sensitive Pumps and Inline Pump Controllers

Function:

Pressure-sensitive pumps and inline pump controllers adjust the speed of the sealed pump motor based on water demand. They help maintain a consistent pressure in the water supply system.

Importance:

These components improve pump efficiency by ensuring that the pump operates at the necessary speed to meet demand. This prevents excessive cycling and reduces energy consumption, contributing to overall system performance.

Safety Rope

Function:

For submersible pumps, a safety rope is attached to the pump and extends up the well. It serves as a precautionary measure during installation and maintenance, preventing the pump from falling into the well.

Importance:

The safety rope is a critical safety feature, ensuring that the submersible pump remains secure during handling. It provides peace of mind for installers and maintenance personnel, preventing accidents and equipment damage.

Improving Your Well Pump’s Life Expectancy

Ensuring the longevity of your well pump involves several considerations that can impact its performance and overall health. Here’s a detailed exploration of key aspects to enhance your well pump’s life expectancy:

Duty Cycle: Excessive cycling, the on-off operation of the pump, can lead to increased wear and tear. Optimizing the duty cycle is crucial to balance the pump’s runtime and rest periods.

Motor Size: Choosing the right motor size is essential. It should match the water demand without being oversized, preventing issues like short cycling or inadequate water supply.

Motor Quality: Investing in a high-quality motor contributes to longevity and efficiency. Durable motors are less prone to breakdowns and operate more efficiently.

Water Sediment: Regularly checking and addressing water sediment is crucial. Sediment buildup can lead to clogs, affecting pump performance and the overall water supply.

Quality Installation: Professional installation minimizes the risk of issues such as air leaks, misalignments, and other installation-related problems, ensuring optimal pump operation.

Safe Yield: Knowing the safe yield of your well and avoiding over-pumping is crucial for preventing depletion and long-term damage.

Cavitation: Cavitation, the formation of air bubbles in the pump, can damage the impeller and decrease efficiency. Preventing cavitation involves matching pump capacity to well yield and avoiding oversized pumps.

Tailpipes: Well-designed and maintained tailpipes ensure efficient water flow, preventing clogs or obstructions that could affect the pump’s performance.

Low Water Pressure: Identifying and addressing the causes of low water pressure, such as clogs or leaks, is crucial for maintaining optimal pump performance.

Intermittent and Short Cycling

Addressing issues like water leaks, pressure switch problems, or an oversized pump promptly helps prevent intermittent and short cycling, ensuring the pump’s longevity.

Improving your well pump’s life expectancy involves a combination of thoughtful selection, regular maintenance, and addressing issues promptly. By considering factors like duty cycle, motor size, water quality, and safe yield, you can optimize your well pump system for efficiency and longevity.

Regular monitoring and professional assistance contribute to the sustained performance of your well pump.

Conclusion

Selecting and maintaining a well pump is a critical decision for ensuring a reliable and efficient water supply for your home. In conclusion, here’s a summary of key takeaways:

System Selection: Choose the appropriate well pump system based on factors like well depth, water demand, and power availability. Consider options such as jet pumps, submersible pumps, solar-powered pumps, or manual pumps based on your specific needs.

Component Importance: Understand the significance of key components like check valves, foot valves, pressure switches, pressure tanks, and safety ropes. Proper installation and maintenance of these components contribute to the overall efficiency and lifespan of your well pump.

Alternative Options: Explore alternative well pump options like solar-powered pumps, manual pumps, kinetic water ram pumps, air-driven pumps, and sump pumps. These alternatives can provide solutions for specific scenarios or preferences.

Size Matters: Properly size your well pump by considering factors such as well depth, water demand, and recovery rate. Consulting with a professional ensures that the pump meets your specific needs without being oversized or undersized.

FAQ

How often should I check my well pump?

Regular maintenance checks, at least once a year, are recommended to ensure optimal pump performance and longevity. However, specific conditions, such as high sediment levels or frequent power outages, may necessitate more frequent checks.

Can I use a submersible pump for a shallow well?

While submersible pumps are designed for deeper wells, they can be used in shallow wells with proper sizing and installation. However, it’s essential to ensure that the pump’s capacity aligns with the well’s safe yield.

What is cavitation, and how can I prevent it?

Cavitation occurs when the pressure drops below the vapor pressure, leading to air bubble formation in the pump. To prevent cavitation, match the pump capacity to the well yield, avoid oversized pumps, and address issues like inadequate well yield promptly.

How do I enhance my well pump’s life expectancy?

Factors such as optimizing the duty cycle, selecting the right motor size, ensuring water quality, professional installation, and preventing cavitation contribute to the well pump’s longevity. Regular monitoring and addressing issues promptly are also crucial.